Analysis Of The Book The Evolution Of Grant - 1266 Words

Johnny Croley English 1102 Dr. Harrison 7 April 2015 The Evolution of Grant As illustrated in A Lesson Before Dying, African Americans in the South went on with their lives normally, indicating that racial relations were not negatively impacted by the oppression and treatment of Black Americans. The narrations in the novel are in the context of Cajun Community as seen through the eyes of the author in the late 1940s. The main characters in the novel are Grant and Jefferson. Author Jefferson is not involved in the shoot-out, he is tried by a court and sentenced. Grant went to study in the university, and he has returned to the community, ready to teach in a local school. He is not decided whether he should live in the small community†¦show more content†¦His teacher, Matthew Antoine, was instrumental in imparting his students with the attitude that would impact them both in the long-term and short-term. Grant, being one of his students, is also exemplified by the attitude. From an analytical perspective, the students were quite inexperienced, and t hey could believe everything that Matthew told them. In fact, his students could not question his assertion that black people are characterized by high levels of lowliness. It is amazing to learn that the teacher did not treat his black students in a fair manner. In fact, he only aimed at making them aware of their inferior social status. As a result of the teachings, Grant s childhood and adulthood are exemplified by pessimism and hopeless in society. He is not aware that his racial perceptions to bring anticipated changes in his community and beyond by be started by him. Jefferson could be described as the person who has helped Grant to have another perspective in regards to different people in society. He does not give an appealing response to Grant in the cell during his first visit. However, as his visits increase in the future, they both realize that they get along very well. Although he has been selfish, he, for the first time, displays some sympathy for his friend. By askin g the wrongly convicted young person many questions and giving him a chance to respond in any manner, the author shows that fundamental changes are occurring in Grant, unlike to the

Nursing Sensitive Indicators Are Defined By The American...

Nursing-sensitive indicators are defined by the American Nursing Association (ANA) as â€Å"indicators that reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care† (ANA, 2014). These indicators help define how nursing care is given by measuring the amount of nursing staff, skill level of the nursing staff, and the education level of nursing staff. These indicators depict the quality of care provided to patients and the outcomes of the care provided. Careful tracking of these indicators provides evidence for keeping current practices or for implementing new policy and procedures. A formal set of indicators measuring the impact nursing interventions have on patient care was not implemented until 1998 (Montalvo, I. (2007). With the establishment of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI), hospitals and other care settings are able to assess how nursing interventions impact patient outcomes, quality of care, and the overall work environment in health ca re facilities. Nursing-sensitive indicators are a quality improvement measure used to determine how the quality of nursing care is evaluated in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Nurse sensitive indicators allow healthcare facilities to evaluate how the care they are providing is following evidence-based practices and how they can improve their practices to achieve better patient outcomes. The American Nurses Association is promoting these indicators as the definitive standards for patient careShow MoreRelatedNursing Sensitive Indicators Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesTASK 1 RTT1 TASK 1 A. Discuss how an understanding of nursing-sensitive indicators could assist the nurses in this case in identifying issues that may interfere with patient care. Nursing-sensitive indicators are determinations used to delineate the excellence of nursing interventions and positive patient outcomes. This is not a new concept. In the 1800’s, Florence Nightingale, a promoter of outcomes, revealed such indicators when she revealed her statistical findings of soldier’s mortalityRead MoreNursing Sensitive Indicators Essay1792 Words   |  8 PagesWestern Governor’s University RTT Task 1 Nursing-sensitive indicators can be an important tool in identifying patient care issues that could potentially arise during a hospital stay. By analyzing the data on specific nursing-sensitive indicators, the quality of patient care can be optimized and patient satisfaction can be improved. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) are two sources of information and guidelines forRead Moreorganizational systems Task 1 Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesGovernors University Nursing-sensitive indicators are defined by the American Nurses Association as indicators that â€Å"reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care. The structure of nursing care is indicated by the supply of nursing staff, the skill level of the nursing staff, and the education/certification of nursing staff† (ANA, 2015). These indicators are outcomes that increase the quality and safety in patient care. Some indicators are patient falls, surgical complicationsRead MoreThe Impact Of Nursing Care On Health Care Quality1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care Quality Tasha N. Herndon Duquesne University GPNG 525 Organizational and Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare Carolyn Griffin October 31, 2015 The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care quality Nurses are the primary caregivers in all health care settings. Nursing care is an essential part of patient care and delivered in many diverse settings. The quantity of nurses and their vital role in caregiving are compelling motives for determiningRead MoreRtt Task !2909 Words   |  12 PagesQuality Leadership RTT Task 1 Nursing-sensitive Indicators Nursing- sensitive indicators are defined as those outcomes that improve in the presence of greater quantity(higher staffing ratios) or quality(educational levels and competence of nursing staff) of nursing care (www.nursingworld.org). These nursing-sensitive measures help healthcare organizations to analyze the quality and quantity of nursing care services. (www.americansentinel.edu )Nursing sensitive-indicators (NSIs) are characterized byRead MoreThe Level of Competence of Novice Registered Nurses3330 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUCTION Background of the Study For any newly licensed registered nurse about to embark on her nursing career, the concept of competence is of great personal and professional significance. Questions abound regarding what it means to be a competent nurse and how competence is measured. Nursing competency is defined by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) as the â€Å"application of knowledge, interpersonal decision-making and psychomotor skills expected for the practice roleRead MoreObesity Is A Growing Epidemic Among Men And Women2250 Words   |  9 Pagessame period. In 2012, more than one third of children were overweight or obese. A rigorous and thorough approach was used in conducting a literature review on obesity in healthcare using electronic databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar. A minimum of five peer-reviewed articles within the last five years was used in obtaining information on the topic. There is no specific consensus definition in regards to childhood obesityRead MoreMr. Wilsons Symptoms With Bipolar Affective Disorder1703 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem causing another problem for Mr. Wilson. To start with this case study, Mr. Wilson presents a recurrent bipolar depression, for his welfares, the recovery model will be beneficial to manage Mr. Wilson’s clinical management within advanced nursing care. The three relevant symptom clusters are associated with the patient’s life experiences. The principle of recovery model (RM) is that each individual consumer is perceived as unique and personal especially, the model emphases on what the individualRead MoreChristian Leadership Paper. Our Healthcare System Is In4065 Words   |  17 Pagestreating and curing illness through advanced technology, medications, and procedures has resulted in a loss of emphasis on compassion and caring among healthcare professionals. Now more than ever, the profession of nursing is in need of leaders who embody the fundamental values of nursing which are largely underpinned by theological philosophies. This paper begins with a personal reflection of leadership through a participative leadership perspective. Next, ethical and legal dilemmas, interprofessionalRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Preventative Care3017 Words   |  13 PagesAcross the world patient safety is a major concern when discussing nursing care and health care systems. It is the nurse’s responsibility to a dvocate for every one of their patients as well as protect the rights and safety of each patient. This is such an important topic because the care and well-being of the patient should be the nurse’s main concern. While caring for each patient the nurse should practice good safety techniques to help prevent further illness or distress to the patient. In this

Wavelets are mathematical functions Free Essays

string(170) " generate a information construction that containssegments of assorted lengths, normally make fulling and transforming it into a different informations vector of length\." Abstraction Ripples are mathematical maps that cut up informations into different frequence constituents, and so analyze each constituent with a declaration matched to its graduated table. They have advantages over traditional Fourier methods in analysing physical state of affairss where the signal contains discontinuities and crisp spikes. Ripples were developed independently in the Fieldss of mathematics, quantum natural philosophies, electrical technology, and seismal geology. We will write a custom essay sample on Wavelets are mathematical functions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interchanges between these Fieldss during the last 10 old ages have led to many new ripple applications such as image compaction, turbulency, human vision, radio detection and ranging, and temblor anticipation. This paper introduces ripples to the interested proficient individual outside of the digital signal processing field. I describe the history of ripples get downing with Fourier, compare ripple transforms with Fourier transforms, province belongingss and other particular facets of ripples, and Coating with some interesting applications such as image compaction, musical tones, and de-noising noisy informations. 1. Introduction A ripple is a wave-like oscillation with amplitude that starts out at zero, additions, and so decreases back to nothing. It can typically be visualized as a â€Å" brief oscillation † like one might see recorded Seismograph Or bosom proctor. Generally, ripples are purposefully crafted to hold specific belongingss that make them utile for signal processing. Ripples can be combined, utilizing a â€Å" displacement, multiply and amount † technique called whirl, with parts of an unknown signal to pull out information from the unknown signal. Wavelets provide an alternate attack to traditional signal processing techniques such as Fourier analysis for interrupting a signal up into its component parts. The drive drift behind ripple analysis is their belongings of being localised in clip ( infinite ) every bit good as graduated table ( frequence ) . This provides a time-scale map of a signal, enabling the extraction of characteristics that vary in clip. This makes wavelets an ideal tool for analyzing signals of a transient or non-stationary nature. 2. History The development of ripples can be linked to several separate trains of idea, get downing with Haar ‘s work in the early twentieth century. Noteworthy parts to wavelet theory can be attributed to Zweig ‘s find of the uninterrupted ripple transform in 1975 ( originally called the cochlear transform and discovered while analyzing the reaction of the ear to sound ) , Pierre Goupillaud, Grossmann and Morlet ‘s preparation of what is now known as the CWT ( 1982 ) , Jan-Olov Str A ; ouml ; mberg ‘s early work on distinct ripples ( 1983 ) , Daubechies ‘ extraneous ripples with compact support ( 1988 ) , Mallat ‘s multiresolution model ( 1989 ) , Nathalie Delprat ‘s time-frequency reading of the CWT ( 1991 ) , Newland ‘s Harmonic ripple transform ( 1993 ) and many others since. First ripple ( Haar ripple ) by Alfred Haar ( 1909 ) Since the 1970s: George Zweig, Jean Morlet, Alex Grossmann Since the 1980s: Yves Meyer, St A ; eacute ; phane Mallat, Ingrid Daubechies, Ronald Coifman, Victor Wickerhauser 3. WAVELET THEORY Wavelet theory is applicable to several topics. All ripple transforms may be considered signifiers of time-frequency representation for continuous-time ( parallel ) signals and so are related to harmonic analysis. Almost all practically utile distinct ripple transforms use discrete-time filter Bankss. These filter Bankss are called the ripple and scaling coefficients in ripples nomenclature. These filter Bankss may incorporate either finite impulse response ( FIR ) or infinite impulse response ( IIR ) filters. The ripples organizing a uninterrupted ripple transform ( CWT ) are capable to the uncertainness rule of Fourier analysis respective trying theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one can non delegate at the same time an exact clip and frequence response graduated table to that event. The merchandise of the uncertainnesss of clip and frequence response graduated table has a lower edge. Therefore, in the scale gm of a uninterrupted ripple transform of this signal, such an event marks an full part in the time-scale plane, alternatively of merely one point. Besides, distinct ripple bases may be considered in the context of other signifiers of the uncertainness rule. Wavelet transforms are loosely divided into three categories: uninterrupted, distinct and multiresolution-based. Above shown diagram shows all CWT ( Continuous Wavelet ) , DWT ( Discrete Wavelet ) . These all varies with the clip and degree and all graphs obtained are above shown. 4. WAVELET TRANSFORMS There are a big figure of ripple transforms each suited for different applications. For a full list see list of wavelet-related transforms but the common 1s are listed below: Continuous ripple transform ( CWT ) Discrete ripple transform ( DWT ) Fast ripple transform ( FWT ) Raising strategy Wavelet package decomposition ( WPD ) Stationary ripple transform ( SWT ) 5. WAVELET PACKETS The ripple transform is really a subset of a far more various transform, the ripple package transform. Wavelet packages are peculiar additive combinations of ripples. They form bases which retain many of the perpendicularity, smoothness, and localisation belongingss of their parent ripples. The coefficients in the additive combinations are computed by a recursive algorithm doing each freshly computed ripple package coefficient sequence the root of its ain analysis tree. 6. WAVELETS IN MATLAB Wavelet Toolbox package extends the MATLAB proficient calculating environment with graphical tools and command-line maps for developing wavelet-based algorithms for the analysis, synthesis, denoising, and compaction of signals and images. Wavelet analysis provides more precise information about signal informations than other signal analysis techniques, such as Fourier. The Wavelet Toolbox supports the synergistic geographic expedition of ripple belongingss and applications. It is utile for address and sound processing, image and picture processing, biomedical imagination, and 1-D and 2-D applications in communications and geophysical sciences. 7. WAVELETS VS FOURIER TRANSFORM Each and every thing in this universe comparable to it has some similarities and unsimilarities with that same is the instance with the ripples and Fourier transform. Ripples can be compared with the Fourier transform on the footing of their similarities and unsimilarities which are explained as follows. Assorted sorts of similarities and unsimilarities of ripples and Fourier transform are as follows. 7.1 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMS The fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) and the distinct ripple transform ( DWT ) are both additive operations that generate a information construction that containssegments of assorted lengths, normally make fulling and transforming it into a different informations vector of length. You read "Wavelets are mathematical functions" in category "Essay examples" The mathematical belongingss of the matrices involved in the transforms are similar as good. The reverse transform matrix for both the FFT and the DWT is the transpose of the original. As a consequence, both transforms can be viewed as a rotary motion in map infinite to a different sphere. For the FFT, this new sphere contains footing maps that are sines and cosines. For the ripple transform, this new sphere contains more complicated footing maps called ripples, female parent ripples, or analysing ripples. Both transforms have another similarity. The basic maps are localized in frequence, doing mathematical tools such as power spectra ( how much power is contained in a frequence interval ) and scale gms ( to be defined subsequently ) utile at picking out frequences and ciphering power distributions. 7.2 DISSIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMS The most interesting unsimilarity between these two sorts of transforms is that single ripple maps arelocalized in space.Fourier sine and cosine maps are non. This localisation characteristic, along with ripples ‘ localisation of frequence, makes many maps and operators utilizing ripples â€Å" thin † when transformed into the ripple sphere. This spareness, in bend, consequences in a figure of utile applications such as informations compaction, observing characteristics in images, and taking noise from clip series. One manner to see the time-frequency declaration differences between the Fourier transform and the ripple transform is to look at the footing map coverage of the time-frequency plane. The square moving ridge window truncates the sine or cosine map to suit a window of a peculiar breadth. Because a individual window is used for all frequences in the WFT, the declaration of the analysis is the same at all locations in the time-frequency plane. 8. WAVELET APPLICATIONS There are assorted sorts of applications in the field of ripples which are as follows can be explained as follows Computer and Human Vision FBI Fingerprint Compression Denoising Noisy Data Musical Tones 8.1 COMPUTER AND HUMAN VISION In the early 1980s, David Marr began work at MIT ‘s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory on unreal vision for automatons. He is an expert on the human ocular system and his end was to larn why the first efforts to build a automaton capable of understanding its milieus were unsuccessful. Marr believed that it was of import to set up scientific foundations for vision, and that while making so ; one must restrict the range of probe by excepting everything that depends on preparation, civilization, and so on, and concentrate on the mechanical or nonvoluntary facets of vision. This low-level vision is the portion that enables us to animate the 3-dimensional organisation of the physical universe around us from the excitements that stimulate the retina. He so developed working algorithmic solutions to reply each of these inquiries. Marr ‘s theory was that image processing in the human ocular system has a complicated hierarchal construction that involves several beds of processing. At each treating degree, the retinal system provides a ocular representation that scales increasingly in a geometrical mode. His statements hinged on the sensing of strength alterations. He theorized that strength alterations occur at different graduated tables in an image, so that their optimum sensing requires the usage of operators of different sizes. He besides theorized that sudden strength alterations produce a extremum or trough in the first derived function of the image. These two hypotheses require that a vision filter have two features: it should be a differential operator, and it should be capable of being tuned to move at any coveted graduated table. Marr ‘s operator was a ripple that today is referred to as a â€Å" Marr ripple. † 8.2 FBI FINGERPRINT COMPRESSION Between 1924 and today, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation has collected about 30 million sets of fingerprints. The archive consists chiefly of inked feelings on paper cards. Facsimile scans of the feelings are distributed among jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, but the digitisation quality is frequently low. Because a figure of legal powers are experimenting with digital storage of the prints, mutual exclusivenesss between informations formats have late become a job. This job led to a demand in the condemnable justness community for a digitisation and a compaction criterion. In 1993, the FBI ‘s Criminal Justice Information Services Division developed criterions for fingerprint digitisation and compaction in cooperation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, commercial sellers, and condemnable justness communities. Let ‘s set the informations storage job in position. Fingerprint images are digitized at a declaration o f 500 pels per inch with 256 degrees of gray-scale information per pel. A individual fingerprint is about 700,000 pels and demands about 0.6 Mbytes to hive away. A brace of custodies, so, requires about 6 Mbytes of storage. So digitising the FBI ‘s current archive would ensue in approximately 200 TBs of informations. ( Notice that at today ‘s monetary values of about $ 900 per Gbyte for hard-disk storage, the cost of hive awaying these uncompressed images would be about 200 million dollars. ) Obviously, informations compaction is of import to convey these Numberss down. 8.3 DENOISING NOISY DATA In diverse Fieldss from planetal scientific discipline to molecular spectrometry, scientists are faced with the job of retrieving a true signal from uncomplete, indirect or noisy informations. Can wavelets assist work out this job? The reply is surely â€Å" yes, † through a technique called ripple shrinking and thresholding methods that David Donoho has worked on for several old ages. The technique works in the undermentioned manner. When you decompose a information set utilizing ripples, you use filters that act as averaging filters and others that produce inside informations. Some of the ensuing ripple coefficients correspond to inside informations in the information set. If the inside informations are little, they might be omitted without well impacting the chief characteristics of the information set. The thought of thresholding, so, is to put to zero all coefficients that are less than a peculiar threshold. These coefficients are used in an reverse ripple transmutation t o retrace the information set. Figure 6 is a brace of â€Å" before † and â€Å" after † illustrations of a atomic magnetic resonance ( NMR ) signal. The signal is transformed, threshold and inverse-transformed. The technique is a important measure frontward in managing noisy informations because the denoising is carried out without smoothing out the crisp constructions. The consequence is cleaned-up signal that still shows of import inside informations. Fig.8.3.1 displays an image created by Donoho of Ingrid Daubechies ( an active research worker in ripple analysis and the discoverer of smooth orthonormal ripples of compact support ) , and so several close-up images of her oculus: an original, an image with noise added, and eventually denoised image. To denoise the image, Donoho: transformed the image to the ripple sphere utilizing Coiflets with three disappearing minutes, applied a threshold at two standard divergences, and Inverse-transformed the image to the signal sphere. 8.4 MUSICAL TONES Victor Wickerhauser has suggested that ripple packages could be utile in sound synthesis. His thought is that a individual ripple package generator could replace a big figure of oscillators. Through experimentation, a instrumentalist could find combinations of moving ridge packages that produce particularly interesting sounds. Wickerhauser feels that sound synthesis is a natural usage of ripples. Say one wishes to come close the sound of a musical instrument. A sample of the notes produced by the instrument could be decomposed into its ripple package coefficients. Reproducing the note would so necessitate recharging those coefficients into a ripple package generator and playing back the consequence. Transient features such as onslaught and decay- approximately, the strength fluctuations of how the sound starts and ends- could be controlled individually ( for illustration, with envelope generators ) , or by utilizing longer wave packages and encoding those belongingss every bit good i nto each note. Any of these procedures could be controlled in existent clip, for illustration, by a keyboard. Notice that the musical instrument could merely every bit good be a human voice, and the notes words or phonemes. A wavelet-packet-based music synthesist could hive away many complex sounds expeditiously because ripple package coefficients, like ripple coefficients, are largely really little for digital samples of smooth signals ; and Discarding coefficients below a predetermined cutoff introduces merely little mistakes when we are compacting the information for smooth signals. Similarly, a wave packet-based address synthesist could be used to retrace extremely tight address signals. Figure 8.4.1 illustrates a ripple musical tone or toneburst. 9. ADVANTAGES OF WAVELET TRANSFORMATION Advantages of ripple transmutation are as follows which are discussed below. Space and Time Efficiency ( Low Complexity of DWT ) . Generality A ; Adaptability ( Different Basis and Wavelet Functions ) . Multiresolution Properties ( Hierarchical Representation A ; Manipulation ) . Adaptability of the Transformation ( Different Basis Functions let different Properties of the Transformation ) Transformation is Hierarchical ( Multiresolution – Properties ) Transformation is Loss-Free Efficiency of the Transformation ( Linear Time and Space Complexity for Orthogonal Wavelets ) Generalization of the Transformation ( Generalization of other Transformations ) CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Most of basic ripple theory has been done. The mathematics has been worked out in tormenting item and ripple theory is now in the polish phase. The refinement phase involves generalisations and extensions of ripples, such as widening ripple package techniques. The hereafter of ripples lies in the as-yet chartless district ofapplications.Wavelet techniques have non been exhaustively worked out in applications such as practical information analysis, where for illustration discretely sampled time-series informations might necessitate to be analyzed. Such applications offer exciting avenues for geographic expedition. Basically after working on this term paper we came to cognize about the construct of the ripples its relation with the Fourier transform its advantages in shacking universe. Mentions www.yahoo.com ( a truly friendly usher to ripples ) . www.google.com ( ripples ppt. ) . www.wikipedia.com ( ripples ) . www.google.com ( Seminar Report on ripples by ROBI POLIKAR ) www.google.com ( applications of ripples ) . How to cite Wavelets are mathematical functions, Essay examples

Do squirrels remember where they bury their nuts free essay sample

Throughout the course of each year, squirrels save and store nuts, and bury them to eat in the winter. During the winter seasons, it is too snowy to leave their burrows to hunt for food, so the squirrels consume nuts from their underground storage. However, burying almost 5,000 nuts per year can be tricky for squirrels to remember the 5,000 different hiding places for each nut. Some scientists wonder if squirrels can actually remember where they bury their nuts. It was conventional wisdom that squirrels could sniff out their nuts’ hiding places. However, this theory is no longer held. Now, scientists think that squirrels possess a comprehensive memory that allows them to remember where they hid their nuts. This is a great feat because the animals store up to 5,000 nuts each winter, which means recalling 5000 different hiding spots. If other squirrels are watching a squirrel bury his nut, they will unearth the nut and eat it once the squirrel has left. We will write a custom essay sample on Do squirrels remember where they bury their nuts? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So squirrels have to be careful around their fellow squirrels or their nuts will be taken. Squirrels’ brains are rapidly growing during the year, so by the time winter comes, they have an amazing memory and are able to remember all of the spots where their nuts are buried. The squirrels’ nuts are buried relatively close to one another, so they will not have to search far and wide for their nuts in the winter. During the winter, they just eat and sleep. Squirrel’s winter nut stashing is intriguing. The brain capacity that it takes to recall all of those hiding spots gives them a better memory then the human brain. Scientists suprisingly know so little about this whole process.